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The VMFS datastores are monitored through the heartbeats that are issued in the form of write operations approximately once in every 3 seconds to the VMFS volumes from the hosts. Each ESXi host accessing the VMFS datastores expects these heartbeat write I/O operations to complete within a 8 second window. If the heartbeat I/O does not complete within an 8 second window, the I/O is timed out and a subsequent heartbeat I/O is issued. If the total time of the heartbeat I/O does not complete within a 16 second window, the datastore is marked offline and a Lost access to volume log message is generated by hostd to reflect this behavior.
After a VMFS datastore is marked in an offline state, ESXi issues heartbeat I/O to the datastore approximately every 1 second until connectivity is restored. If a heartbeat I/O completes, the datastore is marked back online and host I/O is allowed to continue.
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